Growth-Stimulating Activity of Natural Polymer-Based Nanocomposites of Selenium during the Germination of Cultivated Plant Seeds.

The growth-stimulating activity of three selenium nanocomposites (NCs) in various matrices based on arabinogalactan (NC Se/AG, 6.4% Se), starch (NC Se/St, 2% Se), and carrageenan (NC Se/Car, 12% Se) with respect to plants of radish, soybean, and potato was investigated. It was shown that the treatment of plant seeds with NCs stimulated root growth during germination. It was found that the studied NCs affected both the level of lipid peroxidation and the activity of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPX). The treatment of radish seeds with NCs stimulated root growth during their germination and reduced the content of diene conjugates (DC) in root tissues. It was shown that soaking seeds in NC Se/AG solution increased the GPX activity in the tissues of the radish root by 40%. Stimulation of soybean root growth under the influence of NC Se/Car may also be associated with the activation of GPX. Furthermore, in potato plants, this NC led to the stimulation of germination; however, this was probably due to the activation of other antioxidant enzymes. The results obtained allow us to consider Se NCs as potential plant growth stimulants.

Selenium Nanocomposites Having Polysaccharid Matrices Stimulate Growth of Potato Plants in Vitro Infected with Ring Rot Pathogen.

The influence of nanocomposites (NC) of selenium in matrices of arabinogalactan (Se/AG) and starch (Se/St) on in vitro vegetation of potato plants, peroxidase activity, and reactive oxygen species has been thoroughly studied. It has been shown that these nanocomposites of selenium have antimicrobial effect to the phytopathogenic bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus (Cms). In the present investigation, it has been shown that Se/AG NC (6.4% of Se) and Se/St NC (12.0% of Se) have no negative impact on the potato plants healthy and Cms infected, while stimulating their growth, number of leaves and weight of the vegetative part. Se/AG NC has shown a positive effect on potato plants by increasing its immune status by increasing the ROS content and increasing the peroxidase activity. With the use of the element analysis technique, it has been shown that scrutinized nanocomposites are not accumulated in potato plants after the bactericidal processing with the nanocomposites. Se/AG NC and Se/St NC as potential agents used for treatment of potato plants against pathogenic bacteria.

Silver-Containing Humic Substance-Based Nanocomposites-Agents for Healing of Potatoes from the Ring Rot.

The influence of silver-containing humic substance (HS)-based nanocomposites (NCs) obtained from mud, shale, and coals of three kinds of deposits in Mongolia on the viability and ability to biofilm formation of a phytopathogenic gram-positive bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (Cms), as well as peroxidase activity and potato plant growth in vitro, has been investigated. The maximum reduction of the viability of bacterial cells was found in the case of incubation with HS-mu/Ag NC and HS-coal/Ag NC. It was found that HSs, including HS-mu and HS-sl, and NCs synthesized on the base of these HSs, HS-mud/Ag NC and HS-sl/Ag NC reduce more than twofold the activity of peroxidase in potato tissues. It was also found that HS-co and HS-coal/Ag NC stimulate the potato peroxidase activity, as well as biofilm formation of Cms bacterium. No negative effect of the studied NCs on the growth of potato has been revealed. Moreover, NC HS-mud/Ag based on mud had a stimulating effect on leaf formation in plants.

Lipid Peroxidation-Antioxidant Defense System during Toxic Liver Damage and Its Correction with a Nanocomposite [corrected] Substance Containing Selenium and Arabinogalactan.

Experiments on rat model of toxic liver damage (CCl4, subcutaneously) have demonstrated that selenium nanopreparation on arabinogalactan matrix and partially arabinogalactan alone prevented the development of oxidative stress assessed by the balance of LPO and antioxidant defense processes.

[IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF NEW GALACTOSE-CONTAING POLYSACCHARIDES].

The immunomodulatory properties of perspective prebiotics--beta-galactose-containing--polysaccharides arabinogalactan, arabinogalactan with flavonoids, carrageenan, galaktomannan have been studied. It was established that oral administration of the studied beta-polysaccharides to experimental animals leads to a significant activation of immune cells and the synthesis of humoral factors in their organism which significantly increases the cytotoxic activity of blood serum. The most pronounced immunomodulatory effect exhibits arabinogalactan with flavonoids and carrageenan.